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Tuesday 7 October 2014

Choke fears on skate and ray - SE landings obligation warning

The early exhaustion of the skates and rays quota for the eastern channel (VIId) has raised the spectre of widespread fleet tie-ups under the landing obligation, unless the issue is addressed directly. Tony Delahunty, Chairman of the NFFO, and also Chairman of the Federation’s South East Committee, has voiced his concerns about the future.



“It is bad enough that we face a closure on this important fishery in September with three months more of the year to run. But my fear is that if this was repeated under the landings obligation then practically the whole South East fleet would have to tie up or face the risk of prosecution. The boats will be in the impossible legal position of not being able to discard the fish, but not able to legally land them either.”

“This underscores the need for the regional discard plans, when they appear, to provide a way out of this impasse. We know that conservation of skates and rays are difficult because there are many different individual species with different conservation status. But the solution definitely does not lie with blanket measures and fleet tie-ups.”

“In the meantime, it is vital that the MMO does all it can to get this fishery reopened by swapping in additional quota, domestically, or more likely through an international swap.”

Comments from @EurOCEAN2014




MSFD competence centre aims to share information and link MSFD with current scientific knowledge

A useful website established at JRC to support the Marine Strategy Framework  Directive: http://mcc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

A reminder: Can collaboration really lead to more sustainably fished seas? 
Find out what the Spanish fishermen, scientists and government officials involved in @GAP2 really think about working with one another in "Bridging the GAP".

#Livestreaming now from Italy: Navigating the Future IV @EurOCEAN 2014

Livestreaming now from Italy: http://media.src.cnr.it/direttastreaming/2


EurOCEAN 2014 is co-organized by the Italian National Research Council (CNR), National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS) and National Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences (CoNISMa), as well as the European Marine Board and the European Commission
Launch of the EurOCEAN 2014 conference took place on 20 June 2013 at the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts in Brussels. The event also launched the high-level European Marine Board foresight report, Navigating the Future IV  (launch event programme: download; press release:download) 

Background to this conference:

Navigating the future for European marine research Innovative marine research can solve some of Europe’s greatest policy challenges according to Navigating the Future IV, a new positionpaper from the European Marine Board. 

European policy makers have some big issues to grapple with: climate change, food and energy security, human health, and a loss of economic momentum resulting from the financial crisis. The seas and oceans, with their vast resources, can provide a sustainable supply of food; energy from wind, wave and tide; new drugs through marine biotechnology; valuable raw materials from the ocean floor; and much more. According to the EC Communication on Blue Growth1, the EU blue economy delivers a gross added value of €500 billion per year and supports 5.4 million jobs.

There is a clear recognition that to make maritime activities sustainable, will require a significant investment in collaborative and cross‐disciplinary marine research. In its new position paper, Navigating the Future IV, the European Marine Board scans the horizon to anticipate emerging societal challenges and corresponding future research priorities concerning the seas and oceans. The paper demonstrates the key role of marine science in addressing societal challenges and supporting blue growth. It outlines the tools and technologies that will be needed to realize these opportunities including the next generation of ocean observation infrastructure. It also examines the training and skills that will be required by tomorrow’s marine experts, and the importance of creating better interactions between marine scientists, policy makers and the general public.

“Navigating the Future IV provides a blueprint for the next phase of seas and oceans research in Europe,” explains Dr Niall McDonough, Executive Scientific Secretary of the European Marine Board and editor of the paper. “A huge number of scientists, science networks and stakeholders contributed to this paper so the final product represents the collective voice of a largemarine community.”

At a special launch event in Brussels on Thursday 20 June, attended by representatives of 44 stakeholder organizations, Navigating the Future IV was presented to Máire Geoghegan‐ Quinn, EU Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science and Maria da Graça Carvalho, Member of the European Parliament and Rapporteur for the EU Horizon 2020 Programme2. In an opening speech, Dr. Kostas Nittis, Chair of the European Marine Board, stressed that “we have to supportscience excellence in Europe and communicate our passion for marine research”. Navigating the Future IV represents a flagship publication that demonstrates how marine science can support policy and tackle socio‐economic challenges.”


Speaking at the event, Máire Geoghegan‐Quinn, EU Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science explained, “The Marine Board plays a major role in promoting marine science and technology in Europe which is vital for achieving sustainable ocean science and management. The launch ofNavigating the Future IV is particularly timely as we prepare for the firstHorizon 2020 programme.


Navigating the Future IV will be a valuable source of ideas and common prioritiesin the area of marine sciences, providing a vision for science and technology in Europe.” Navigating the Future IV also calls for a quantum leap forward in the integration of European marine research to allow for the scale of investment and collaboration necessary to meet the major challenges in achieving effective ocean stewardship, while creating a platform for blue growth.

Responding to this, Maria da Graça Carvalho, Member of the European Parliament and Rapporteur for the EU Horizon 2020 Programme highlighted the vital role that the marine sector plays in the blue economy which is “central to Europe´s prosperity and well‐being". She also announced that “a separate, visible and new activity named Cross Cutting Marine and Maritime Research, has been introduced in the Horizon 2020 programme. This separate activity will maximise the synergies between research areas when conducting research in the marine and maritime environments.” 

Navigating the Future IV makes a link between applied, market‐driven research which can deliver early economic gains, and more fundamental research, which is necessary to improve our understanding of the natural ocean system which provides us with so many benefits. Kostas Nittis summed up this point: “In Navigating the Future IV, we show that understanding marine ecosystems and how they are changing will be essential for achieving sustainability in growing maritime sectors. We must continue to support both applied and fundamental marine research and to reward scientific excellence;these are the ingredients for generating the transformative knowledge and technologies which can shape our future”.

The event on 20 June also launched EurOCEAN 2014, a major conference focusing on marine science grand challenges to be held in Rome on 7‐9 October 2014. The announcement was made by Prof. Enrico Brugnoli, European Marine Board delegate for the National Research Council in Italy (CNR) on behalf of the three Italian Marine Board member organizations, CNR, CoNISMa and OGS, co‐organizers of the conference.“EurOCEAN is one of the most important events in marine and maritime research for both scientists and policy makers” he said. In looking forward to the EurOCEAN 2014 conference, Máire Geoghegan‐Quinn, EU Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science noted that “EurOCEANis considered as a top science conference in Europe which delivers concrete messages to science and policy. These are instrumental in strengthening the knowledge base for Europe and developing common priorities in the area of marine sciences”.

For more information please contact the European Marine Board Secretariat: info@marineboard.eu | Tel +32 (0) 59340163

IJMS Editor’s Choice – are fisheries scientists best utilizing research based on knowledge of fishers?

The work of ICES is amongst the most respected in the world of fishing - so when these guys say fishermen and their data should be taken into account when the scientific world makes its decisions people in positions that matter should take notice.

The article: "A review of the past, the present, and the future of fishers' knowledge research: a challenge to established fisheries science" is available in full here:


"A selected Editor’s Choice article from the latest issue of the ICES Journal of Marine Science is now freely available. This month read more about whether research on the knowledge gathered from fishers is being adequately considered in fisheries science.
A review of over 500 research outputs analysing fishers’ knowledge shows that their experience is not regularly being given due consideration by fisheries scientists. This is despite a growing number of researchers believing that referencing fisher experience might help them to facilitate improved ecological and socio-economic outcomes for marine and freshwater fisheries.

For nearly a century, amateur and professional researchers with experience in ethnography, applied social science, and fisheries biology have conducted research with commercial and artisanal fishers from Canada to Kiribati in order to understand how their knowledge of marine ecosystems and fishery operations could supplement or complement the work of practicing fisheries scientists.

These researchers have disseminated what they consider to be the important knowledge acquired by fishers on the status of fish stocks and marine habitats – including fisher-generated ideas for ensuring fishery sustainability – in books, at conferences, and via peer-reviewed academic journals.

However, they have found that mainstream fisheries scientists rarely integrate the fishers’ knowledge that they champion. Even when they do, it is generally a partial engagement limited to the analysis of log book data or brief quantitative surveys. Fishers’ qualitative anecdotes have primarily been ignored by the mainstream even though a number of publications have showcased how they have or could have been referenced in order to prevent high-profile declines in fish stocks.

This paper is an entry point for interested readers to decide for themselves whether fishers’ knowledge and its research should be part of the fisheries science mainstream. For fisheries scientists and fishers’ knowledge researchers however, it is a wake-up call. The former must decide whether they can continue to ignore unfamiliar data, even where it might help them arrest fishery declines. The latter need to assess whether they can make fishers’ knowledge more easily accessible for their colleagues."

The article: "A review of the past, the present, and the future of fishers' knowledge research: a challenge to established fisheries science" is available in full here:

  

Monday 6 October 2014

Wave and solar powered robots set sail from the Scillies

A fleet of marine robots is being launched in the largest deployment of its kind in British waters.

Unmanned boats and submarines will travel 500km (300 miles) across an area off the southwestern tip of the UK. The aim is to test new technologies and to map marine life in a key fishing ground. In total, seven autonomous machines are being released in a trial heralded as a new era of robotic research at sea.

Two of the craft are innovative British devices that are designed to operate for months using renewable sources of power including wind and wave energy. The project, led by the National Oceanography Centre, involves more than a dozen research centres and specialist companies.

Marine robots come in a variety of strange shape and sizes, and no fewer than four different types are being deployed in this project, part of a new generation of devices designed to make marine research far cheaper and easier than with large crewed vessels.


  • Autonaut: Powered by wave action and solar panels, Autonaut looks like a canoe with an aerial on top. It bobs on the surface and provides a platform for instruments. The result of a partnership between a management consultant and a former Royal Navy commodore, Autonaut was designed and built by MOST in Chichester.



  • C-Enduro: Distinctively shaped with an in-built wind turbine reminiscent of an air-boat, C-Enduro is designed to operate on its own for up to three months. A diesel motor provides back-up power. Instruments record water and weather data, and a winch can lower sensors below the surface. The machine is designed and built by ASV in Portchester in Hampshire.

  • Waveglider: The Waveglider involves twin elements, one floating on the surface, the other being a system of miniature blades dangling underwater and harvesting energy. Billed as ideal for operating "for years at sea with no fuel, emissions or crew", the US makers have now turned out more than 100 units.

  • Slocum Glider: Named after Joshua Slocum, the first solo round-the-world sailor, this American device looks like a torpedo. It dives and rises through the water with a system of variable buoyancy. Every time it surfaces, the glider can relay information by satellite and pick up new instructions.


Chief scientist Dr Russell Wynn told BBC News: "This is the first time we've deployed this range of vehicles carrying all these instruments. "And it's exciting that it's the first time we can measure everything in the water column and all the life in the ocean simultaneously. "The ability to measure the temperature or the weather at the ocean surface, or dolphins and seabirds with the cameras on the vehicles - no-one's ever been able to do that at the same time hundreds of miles from the shore."

Data about the oceans is usually gathered by a combination of satellites, buoys and research ships, but all three have limitations in their coverage, and large crewed vessels are particularly expensive. The motivation for exploring the use of massed robotic vehicles is to assess whether they can provide near-constant coverage at far lower cost - the equivalent of CCTV offering round-the-clock surveillance. The target for the deployment is an area of ocean marking the boundary between Atlantic waters and tidal waters from the English Channel - what's known as an ocean front. Fronts like this usually create upwelling that brings nutrients from the seabed towards the surface and encourages plankton to thrive. That in turn attracts fish, whales, dolphins and porpoises. Most of the craft are being deployed from the Isles of Scilly for a three-week traverse of the ocean. The exact route of the journey is being withheld to avoid the risk of anyone interfering with the experiment. Instruments will record key parameters of the ocean, ranging from the concentrations of plankton to the clicks and whistles of dolphins and porpoises. Cameras on the surface vehicles will also attempt to capture images of seabirds and other marine life.

According to Dr Wynn, the UK's 700,000 sq km of waters are highly productive as fishing grounds but the processes at work in them remain unclear. AUV The UK government has identified robotics as one of the "eight great technologies" "Actually understanding how that sea works and how the animals are distributed is a real challenge if you've only got a small number of ships and a few buoys dotted around. "Having a fleet of vehicles that can go out, without humans on board, controlled by satellite, really gives us a chance to transform our ability to monitor the ocean. "At the moment a lot of decisions about how we manage the oceans are based on very few data - relatively simple things like where do dolphins and seabirds go to feed? We actually have very little information on that."

Until now, companies developing robotic vehicles for use at sea have focused on military and commercial customers such as the US Navy and oil and gas companies, and American firms have dominated the market for automated submarines. The British government's hope is that the UK may become a leader in unmanned surface machines - robotic boats - which can act as drones gathering information to help weather forecasters or do conservation work. Ministers have identified robotics as one of the "eight great technologies" that can help rebalance the country's economy and drive growth.

Funding has allowed the National Oceanography Centre to support two UK companies, MOST and ASV, in developing their AutoNaut and C-Enduro robotic boats that are on trial now. The first phase of the deployment is planned to end in three weeks' time, when the vehicles will be retrieved from the ocean and the results analysed.

Partners in the project include the universities of St Andrews and Exeter, Cefas, the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the British Oceanographic Data Centre, British Antarctic Survey, UK Met Office, Royal Navy and DSTL. Corporate partners include MOST, ASV, J&S, RS Aqua and Liquid Robotics.

Full story from the BBC here.

100 years after Hjort - special issue of ICES Journal of Marine Science


A special issue of ICES Journal of Marine Science commemorates the legacy of the father of modern fisheries science. Published: 6 October 2014

​​​​​​100 years ago, Johan Hjort wrote his seminal fisheries science work, Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe, which featured new conceptual ideas about the formation of strong year classes based on age determination techniques from fish scales. Hjort's research still receives 40–50 citations every year, making it an exceptionally influential study that continues to drive fisheries science to this day.

To commemorate the centenary of Hjort's work, the ICES Journal of Marine Science (IJMS) has published a special issue of thirty-two articles that demonstrate the deep influence he has had, and continues to have, on fisheries and marine science. The articles take up questions addressed by Hjort, whether through the use of new innovations in sampling and analysis, the application of mathematical models, adding climate change as a context, or with a slightly new spin.

The Norwegian scientist, one of the giants of fisheries biology, already considered during his time the managerial and societal implications of fisheries research. In addition to his research, he was an advocate for international cooperation and one of the founding fathers of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). Hjort served as ICES President from 1939—48 and helped launch joint research activities, for example those in the North Sea, as well as extensive cruise programmes.

The works of Johan Hjort will continue to interest, influence, and challenge fisheries scientists globally. As he himself predicted: "…the object can never be fully attained; new questions will constantly arise, as the knowledge obtained creates the demand for new, and it will always be possible to increase and intensify our comprehension of the vital conditions affecting the organisms in question."

Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe - Commemorating 100 years since Hjort's 1914 treatise A special issue of the ICES Journal of Marine Science.  The entire IJMS issue is now freely available for download on the IJMS website.

Mount's Bay after the blow.